GIRD began as the Jet Engine Section of a larger civil defense organization known as the Society for the Promotion of Defense and Aerochemical Development ( Osoaviakhim). Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology St. Rocket 09 (left) and 10 (GIRD-09 and GIRD-X). A total of 100 bench tests of liquid-propellant rockets were conducted using various types of fuel, both low and high-boiling and thrust up to 300 kg was achieved. In 1933 a centrifugal turbopump unit for a rocket engine with a thrust of 3000 N was developed. For fuel supply in 1931-1932 fuel pumps operating from combustion chamber gases were developed. In 1931 self-igniting combustible and chemical ignition of fuel with gimbal engine suspension were proposed. As a result of experiments, by the end of 1933, a high-boiling fuel from kerosene and nitric acid was selected as the most convenient in operation and industrial production. Nitric acid, solutions of nitric acid with froholic nitrogen, tetranitromethane, hypochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide were first proposed as an oxidizing agent. To increase the resource, various technical solutions were used: the jet nozzle had a spirally finned wall and was cooled by fuel components, curtain cooling was used for the combustion chamber and ceramic thermal insulation of the combustion chamber using zirconium dioxide. This resulted in the creation of ORM (from "Experimental Rocket Motor" in Russian) engines ORM-1 to ORM-52. In 1931 Glushko was redirected to work on liquid propellant rocket engines. This early work by GDL has been steadily carried on and electric rocket engines were used in the 1960s on board the Voskhod 1 spacecraft and Zond-2 Venus probe. In the early 1930s the world's first example of an electrothermal rocket engine was created. On a section at GDL was created to develop electric rocket engines, headed by 23 year old Valentin Glushko, Glushko proposed to use energy in electric explosion of metals to create rocket propulsion. A salvo of rockets could completely straddle a target at a range of 5,500 metres (3.4 mi).
Towards the end of 1938 the first significant large scale testing of the rocket launchers took place, 233 rockets of various types were used. In August 1939, the completed product was the BM-13 / Katyusha rocket launcher.
In June 1938, the RNII began developing a multiple rocket launcher based on the RS-132 rocket. The earliest known use by the Soviet Air Force of aircraft-launched unguided anti-aircraft rockets in combat against heavier-than-air aircraft took place in August 1939, during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol. The research continued from 1933 by the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (RNII) with the development of the RS-82 and RS-132 rockets, including designing several variations for ground-to-air, ground-to-ground, air-to-ground and air-to-air combat.
and 1932 in-air test firings of RS-82 missiles from an Tupolev I-4 aircraft armed with six launchers successfully took place. Further developments were led by Georgy Langemak. The First test-firing of a solid fuel rocket was carried out in March 1928, which flew for about 1,300 meters These rockets were used in 1931 for the world's first successful use of rockets to assist take-off of aircraft. Tikhomirov had commenced studying solid and Liquid-fueled rockets in 1894, and in 1915 he lodged a patent for "self-propelled aerial and water-surface mines." In 1928 the laboratory was renamed the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL). The first Soviet development of rockets was in 1921 when the Soviet military sanctioned the commencement of a small research laboratory to explore solid fuel rockets, led by Nikolai Tikhomirov, a chemical engineer and supported by Vladimir Artemyev a Soviet engineer. His work challenged traditional thought and sparked a revolution in science which embraced new ideas in rocket technology. Tsiolkovsky's efforts made significant advances in the use of liquid fuel. Russian involvement in rocketry began in 1903 when Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published a paper on liquid-propelled rockets (LPREs).
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